D2RML

This page contains resources and other information about Data to RDF Mapping Language (D2RML), an expressive mapping language, for retrieving data from heterogeneous sources, extending them with data from other sources and transforming them to RDF datasets.

Apart from standard linked open vocabularies, D2RML uses the following vocabularies:

• D2RML (the core language)
• D2RML Information Sources (D2RML-IS)
• D2RML Operators & Functions (D2RML-OP)
• D2RML Expression Languages (D2RML-EL)
• Character Encodings (CENC)

The following links provide documentation for several aspects of D2RML.

• D2RML Specification
• D2RML Information Sources (D2RML-IS) Specification
• D2RML Operators & Functions (D2RML-OP) Specification
• D2RML Usage Example

D2RML is currently available as a REST API.

• D2RML Processor Service

Some examples of D2RML in action.

• A D2RML document to rdfy The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Child’s History of England, by Charles Dickens. The result is browsable here.

D2RML has been used in several projects involving generation of linked data.

• In STIRData, D2RML has been used to generate linked data representations of business register data from several European countries to achieve integrated access.
• In Europeana XX, D2RML has been used to generate linked data enrichments of several Europeana cultural heritage collections.
• In APOLLONIS: Greek Infrastructure for Digital Arts, Humanities and Language Research and Innovation, D2RML has been used to generate linked data representations and enrichments of historic archival content from several Greek cultural institutions.

An early proposal for D2RML was presented in the following papers. The current version documented above includes significant refinements and enhancements.

• Alexandros Chortaras, Giorgos Stamou: Mapping Diverse Data to RDF in Practice. ISWC (1) 2018: 441-457
• Alexandros Chortaras, Giorgos Stamou: D2RML: Integrating Heterogeneous Data and Web Services into Custom RDF Graphs. LDOW@WWW 2018